Broadband access Gigabit access era, 10G PON PON has become the mainstream technology, the traditional PON is to 10G PON upgrade, broadband will increase 10 times. 10G PON scale commercial launch, will directly help FTTH to Gigabit access rate evolution. The company is located in:

10G PON has many advantages, based on the existing hardware architecture to upgrade the network, greatly reducing costs, and shorten the transformation cycle, more crucially, PON upgrade to 10G PON, the bandwidth can be increased 10 times. Only through the upgrading of key components, you can enter the “Gigabit era” from the “Fast trillion times.”

Gigabit bandwidth is not the limit, with the rapid development of 8K ultra-high definition video and Internet of Things technology, especially the advent of the 5G era, will bring greater bandwidth demand for the network growth, in this context, 10G PON will continue Development, will be 100G PON evolution.

From the standard progress, 100G PON has been in IEEE / FSAN / ITU-T and other standardization organizations. IEEE set up the NG EPON research group, the standard named P802.3ca, mainly for 25G PON, 50G PON, 100G PON standardization is scheduled to be released in May 2019 standards; ITU-T also set up a 25G PON research group, Research on single wavelength rate improvement.

FTTB (Fiber To The Building): FTTX + LAN is a network connection mode, the optical signal is mainly connected to the office building or apartment building within the main distribution box to achieve optical fiber signal access, and in the office building or The interior of the apartment building is still the use of coaxial cable, twisted pair or fiber optic distribution signal to achieve the realization of high-speed data applications. We call FTTX + LAN broadband access network (referred to as FTTB), this is one of the most reasonable, most practical, most cost-effective broadband access methods.

advantage

Fast: Fiber to the floor, cable home, the user uplink and downlink rates generally up to 10Mbps-50Mbps, up to 100Mbps.

Large capacity: each household can enjoy the two-way balanced 10M-50Mbps bandwidth.

Investment Province: FTTB is mainly used for transformation of old residential areas. Residential areas that already have network cables, telephone lines and coaxial cables do not need to deploy optical fibers and save a large amount of wiring expenses.

Low price: Unit bandwidth is cheaper than FTTH and CMTS

Wide range of applications: High-speed Internet access, VOD, SOHO, distance education, video conferencing, ROBO, telemedicine and Internet connectivity.

The Address Resolution Protocol, or ARP(Address Resolution Protocol), is a TCP/IP Protocol that obtains physical addresses based on IP addresses.When sending information, the host will broadcast the ARP request containing the target IP address to all hosts on the local area network, and receive the return message to determine the physical address of the target;After receiving the return message, the IP address and physical address will be stored in the local ARP cache and reserved for a certain time. The next request will directly query the ARP cache to save resources.

OLT device is an important terminal device, which can be connected with the front-end switch by network wire and converted into optical signals.And like ONU device, it is a photoelectric integrated device.It has three functions:

Broadcast Ethernet data to ONU
Initiate and control the ranging process and record the ranging information
Allocate bandwidth for ONU;That is to control the start time of sending data by ONU andthe size of the sending window

For large-scale networks, our usual practice of IP planning is to divide VLANs, because dividing VLANs has many benefits, which facilitates management and improves the security of the entire network. Of course, in addition to dividing VLAN there are other methods? The answer is yes, that is port isolation. These two methods are the most used in ip planning. In this issue, we will learn more about VLAN division and port isolation.

VLAN division

When faced with many IP addresses, our common method is to divide VLANs. The role of VLANs is to isolate broadcasts. The same VLAN is in a broadcast domain. Port isolation is to isolate different ports of the same VLAN. Use a three-layer switch to divide vlans, so that vlans can communicate with each other.

The main advantages of VLAN :

Restrict the broadcast domain. The broadcast domain is restricted to one VLAN, which improves network processing capabilities.
Enhance the security of the local area network. The advantage of VLAN is that the broadcast and unicast traffic within the VLAN will not be forwarded to other VLANs, which helps to control network traffic, reduce equipment investment, simplify network management, and improve network security.
Flexible construction of virtual working groups. VLANs can be used to divide different users into different working groups, and users in the same working group do not have to be limited to a certain fixed physical range, and network construction and maintenance are more convenient and flexible.
Port isolation

As we mentioned above, VLAN is a good solution for networks. In addition to VLAN, port isolation can also be used. Users can add different ports to different VLANs, but this will waste limited VLAN resources. The port isolation function can be used to achieve isolation between ports in the same VLAN. The user only needs to add the port to the isolation group to realize the isolation of the Layer 2 data between the ports in the isolation group. Port isolation is generally used in the intranet.Isolated ports can not communicate with each other,so it provides the user a safer solution of network.

In short：The role of VLAN is to isolate broadcasts. The same VLAN is in a broadcast domain. Port isolation is to isolate different ports in the same VLAN.

Access Port vs Trunk Port vs Hybrid Port
We know that different network segments need to be forwarded through routing to communicate.PCs between different VLANs on the same network segment cannot communicate with each other. In fact, this is not absolute. After understanding the various labels of VLAN, we can realize the data intercommunication of different network segments without routing.

The switch port has three working modes, named Access, Hybrid, and Trunk.

Access type ports can only belong to one VLAN, and are generally used to connect to a computer port.

Trunk type ports can allow multiple VLANs to pass, and can receive and send packets of multiple VLANs. They are generally used for ports connected between switches.

Hybrid type ports can allow multiple VLANs to pass through, can receive and send packets from multiple VLANs, and can be used to connect between switches or to connect to a user’s computer.

When the Hybrid port and Trunk port receive data, the processing method is the same. The only difference is when sending data: Hybrid port can allow multiple VLANs packets to be sent without tag, while Trunk port only allows default tagged VLAN message to be sent without tag.

C-DATA ONU IP address default is 192.168.101.1